Introduction
Keratoconus is a progressive eye disorder that affects the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye and effects the dome-shaped outer layer of the eye that covers the iris and pupil.
The cornea gradually thins and bulges into a cone-like shape instead of having a more rounded curvature. This irregular shape can cause
a) distorted vision
b) increased sensitivity to light
c) glare
d) blurry vision
Keratoconus can affect both eyes, although the severity of its symptoms vary between eyes.
What causes keratoconus is not fully understood. Research shows a connection between genetic predisposition for the disease and environmental factors. You increase your risk for keratoconus by
1) Rubbing your eyes excessively
Chronic eye rubbing, particularly in individuals with allergies or other eye conditions, may contribute to the progression of keratoconus by weakening the corneal tissue.
2) Having a family history of keratoconus
Keratoconus has been linked to a family history of the condition, suggesting a
genetic component. Individuals with a family history of keratoconus are at higher risk
of developing the disorder themselves.
3) Eye trauma
Eye trauma, such as corneal scarring from contact lens wear or eye surgery, can increase the risk of developing keratoconus.
4) Exposure to natural hazards
Natural hazards pertain to certain conditions like hay fever and eczema that irritate
the eyes
5) Connective tissue disorders
Keratoconus is more common in individuals with certain connective tissue disorders, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome or Marfan syndrome which affect the strength and integrity of collagen fibers in the cornea.
Symptoms
The symptoms of keratoconus typically begin to manifest in the late teens or early twenties and may progress gradually over time. Common symptoms of keratoconus include:
a) Blurred or distorted vision, particularly in low light or at night
b) Increased sensitivity to light (photophobia) or glare
c) Frequent changes in prescription eyeglasses or contact lenses
d) Duplicate or multiple images (diplopia and monocular diplopia)
e) Irregular astigmatism or distorted, streaked vision
f) Eye redness, irritation, or discomfort from wearing contact lenses
Treatment
Treatment options for keratoconus depend on the severity of the condition. In its early stages, correcting vision through glasses or soft contact lenses may be sufficient. As the condition progresses, rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses may be necessary to provide better visual acuity by reshaping the cornea's surface.
In more severe keratoconus cases, surgical interventions like corneal cross-linking, corneal transplant, or implantable contact lenses may be necessary to stabilize vision and improve quality of life. Early detection and management are crucial for minimizing the impact of keratoconus on vision.
he diagnosis of keratoconus is made through a comprehensive eye examination by an optometrist or ophthalmologist. The examination includes a determination of the curvature and thickness of the cornea. It can include measurements of visual acuity as well to diagnose refractive error.
Professional Eye Care Expertise
It is important for individuals with keratoconus to undergo regular eye examinations and follow-up care with an eye care professional to monitor changes in vision and adjust treatment as needed. With proper management, most individuals with keratoconus can achieve stable vision and maintain a good quality of life. Schedule an appointment today with MCO.
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